Laws -Constitution of India

Constitution of India

(Act No. 45 of Year 1860)

CONTENTS

Sections	Particulars
1	Name and territory of the Union
2	Admission or establishment of new States.
2A	Sikkim to be associated with the Union
3	Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States.
4	Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters.
5	Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution.
6	Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan.
7	Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan.
8	Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India.
9	Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens.
10	Continuance of the rights of citizenship.
11	Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.
12	Definition.
13	Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.
14	Equality before law.
15	Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
16	Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
17	Abolition of Untouchability.
18	Abolition of titles.
19	Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.Q
20	Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
21	Protection of life and personal liberty.
21A	Right to education.
22	Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
23	Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.
24	Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
25	Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.
26	Freedom to manage religious affairs.
27	Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
28	Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions.
29	Protection of interests of minorities.
30	Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
31	Compulsory acquisition of property.
31A	Saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc
31B	Validation of certain Acts and Regulations.
31C	Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles.
31D	Saving of laws in respect of anti-national activities.
32	Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part.
32A	Constitutional validity of State laws not to be considered in proceedings under article 32.
33	Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc.
34	Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area.
35	Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part.
36	Definition.
37	Application of the principles contained in this Part.
38	State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.
39	Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.
39A	Equal justice and free legal aid.
40	Organisation of village panchayats.
41	Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.
42	Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.
43	Living wage, etc., for workers.
43A	Participation of workers in management of industries.
44	Uniform civil code for the citizens.
45	Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years.
46	Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections.
47	Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.
48	Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry.
48A	Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life.
49	Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance.
50	Separation of judiciary from executive.
51	Promotion of international peace and security.
51A	Fundamental Duties.
52	The President of India.
53	Executive power of the Union.
54	Election of President.
55	Manner of election of President.
56	Term of office of President.
57	Eligibility for re-election.
58	Qualifications for election as President.
59	Conditions of President’s office.
60	Oath or affirmation by the President.
61	Procedure for impeachment of the President.
62	Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy.
63	The Vice-President of India.
64	The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States.
65	The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President.
66	Election of Vice-President.
67	Term of office of Vice-President.
68	Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy.
69	Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President.
70	Discharge of President’s functions in other contingencies.
71	Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President.
72	Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.
73	Extent of executive power of the Union.
74	Council of Ministers to aid and advise President.
75	Other provisions as to Ministers.
76	Attorney-General for India.
77	Conduct of business of the Government of India.
78	Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc.
79	Constitution of Parliament.
80	Composition of the Council of States.
81	Composition of the House of the People.
82	Readjustment after each census.
83	Duration of Houses of Parliament.
84	Qualification for membership of Parliament.
85	Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution.
86	Right of President to address and send messages to Houses.
87	Special address by the President.
88	Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses.
89	The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States.
90	Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman.
91	Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman.
92	The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
93	The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People.
94	Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
95	Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker.
96	The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
97	Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
98	Secretariat of Parliament.
99	Oath or affirmation by members.
100	Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.
101	Vacation of seats.
102	Disqualifications for membership.
103	Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members
104	Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified.
105	Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof.
106	Salaries and allowances of members.
107	Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills.
108	Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases.
109	Special procedure in respect of Money Bills.
110	Definition of “Money Bills”.
111	Assent to Bills.
112	Annual financial statement.
113	Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates.
114	Appropriation Bills.
115	Supplementary, additional or excess grants.
116	Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.
117	Speical provisions as to financial Bills.
118	Rules of procedure.
119	Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business.
120	Language to be used in Parliament.Restriction on discussion in Parliament.
121	Restriction on discussion in Parliament.
122	Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament.
123	Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament.
124	Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court.
125	Salaries, etc., of Judges
126	Appointment of acting Chief Justice.
127	Appointment of ad hoc, Judges.
128	Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court.
129	Supreme Court to be a court of record.
130	Seat of Supreme Court.
131	Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
131A	Exclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in regard to questions as to constitutional validity of Central laws
132	Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases.
133	Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters.
134	Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters.
134A	Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court
135	Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court.
136	Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court.
137	Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court.
138	Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
139	Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs.
139A	Transfer of certain cases.
140	Ancillary powers of Supreme Court.
141	Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts.
142	Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.
143	Power of President to consult Supreme Court.
144	Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court.
144A	Special provisions as to disposal of questions relating to constitutional validity of laws.
145	Rules of Court, etc.
146	Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court.
147	Interpretation.
148	Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
149	Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General.
150	Form of accounts of the Union and of the States.
151	Audit reports.
152	Definition.
153	Governors of States.
154	Executive power of State.
155	Appointment of Governor.
156	Term of office of Governor.
157	Qualifications for appointment as Governor.
158	Conditions of Governor’s office.
159	Oath or affirmation by the Governor.
160	Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies.
161	Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.
162	Extent of executive power of State.
163	Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor.
164	Other provisions as to Ministers.
165	Advocate-General for the State.
166	Conduct of business of the Government of a State.
167	Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc.
168	Constitution of Legislatures in States.
169	Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States.
170	Composition of the Legislative Assemblies
171	Composition of the Legislative Councils.
172	Duration of State Legislatures.
173	Qualification for membership of the State Legislature.
174	Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution.
175	Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses.
176	Special address by the Governor.
177	Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses.